CHS
Chicos FAS, Inc.
stock NYSE

It's a bit late to warn against fertilizer monopolies, after decades of lax FTC commissioners.
From [Farm Action (google doc)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rLIMtBjY9rX4ogb_MDehAeRcHZ4D8Gf2CKW5Fk3LxT0/edit?tab=t.0):
Nitrogen Dominant Firms: CF Industries, Nutrien, Koch Industries, and Yara
* CF captured an estimated 80% of ammonia, 56% of urea, and 52% of UAN fertilizer sales made to American farmers.
* CF’s output amounted to approximately 56% of domestic ammonia and 39% of domestic urea production (excluding its plants in Canada and Trinidad).
Nitrogen Fertilizer concentration in the top 4 firms (North America): 82%
* CF Industries: 39% of total nitrogen capacity, 37% ammonia and 42% urea
* Nutrien: 22% of total nitrogen capacity, 21% ammonia and 25% urea
* Koch Industries: 15% total nitrogen capacity, 14% ammonia and 16% urea
* Yara: 6% total nitrogen capacity, 6% ammonia and 7% urea
Phosphate Dominant Firms: Mosaic and Nutrien
* Mosaic produces over 64% of phosphate rock mined in the U.S.
* Mosaic produces 80% of phosphate fertilizers manufactured in North America.
* Mosaic has been estimated to control over 90% of phosphate-fertilizer sales to U.S. farmers.
* J.R. Simplot and Itafos are the only other two phosphate fertilizer producers in North America.
Phosphate Fertilizer concentration in the top 2 firms (North America): 90%
* Mosaic and Nutrien represent over 90% of North American phosphate capacity.
Potash Dominant Firms: Nutrien and Mosaic
* Nutrien produces between 55% and 60% of the potash mined in North America annually.
* Nutrien controls an estimated 40% of potassium-fertilizer sales in North America.
* Mosaic produces 35% of North America’s potash output.
* Mosaic controls 35% of the continent’s potassium fertilizer sales.
* There are only three other firms in the entire country that produce potash fertilizer and none of them are remotely large enough to serve as competitors to Nutrien and Mosaic's dominant position.
Fertilizer Distribution and Retail concentration in the top 7 firms: 70%
* Seven agricultural retailers control 70% of crop input sales/services (fertilizer and agrichemical): Nutrien Ag Solutions, Growmark, Helena Agri-Enterprises, CHS, The J.R. Simplot Co., Wilbur-Ellis, GreenPoint AG.
* Nutrien captures 20% of agricultural retail sales in the U.S. with a “significant majority” of the fertilizer sold generated from Nutrien’s own production.
* J.R. Simplot has 6% of national sales and also mines phosphate rock and manufactures its own phosphate fertilizer.
* CHS — the largest nitrogen fertilizer wholesaler in the U.S. — has an 11% ownership interest in CF’s domestic nitrogen plants.
Historical Context:
* 1980: 56 firms produced nitrogen fertilizer, 25 companies mined phosphate rock, and14 extracted potash, with no single firm controlling an outsize share
* 1990: less than 30 firms produced nitrogen fertilizer, 15 phosphate rock, and 8 potash firms

It's a bit late to warn against fertilizer monopolies, after decades of lax FTC commissioners.
From [Farm Action (google doc)](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rLIMtBjY9rX4ogb_MDehAeRcHZ4D8Gf2CKW5Fk3LxT0/edit?tab=t.0):
Nitrogen Dominant Firms: CF Industries, Nutrien, Koch Industries, and Yara
* CF captured an estimated 80% of ammonia, 56% of urea, and 52% of UAN fertilizer sales made to American farmers.
* CF’s output amounted to approximately 56% of domestic ammonia and 39% of domestic urea production (excluding its plants in Canada and Trinidad).
Nitrogen Fertilizer concentration in the top 4 firms (North America): 82%
* CF Industries: 39% of total nitrogen capacity, 37% ammonia and 42% urea
* Nutrien: 22% of total nitrogen capacity, 21% ammonia and 25% urea
* Koch Industries: 15% total nitrogen capacity, 14% ammonia and 16% urea
* Yara: 6% total nitrogen capacity, 6% ammonia and 7% urea
Phosphate Dominant Firms: Mosaic and Nutrien
* Mosaic produces over 64% of phosphate rock mined in the U.S.
* Mosaic produces 80% of phosphate fertilizers manufactured in North America.
* Mosaic has been estimated to control over 90% of phosphate-fertilizer sales to U.S. farmers.
* J.R. Simplot and Itafos are the only other two phosphate fertilizer producers in North America.
Phosphate Fertilizer concentration in the top 2 firms (North America): 90%
* Mosaic and Nutrien represent over 90% of North American phosphate capacity.
Potash Dominant Firms: Nutrien and Mosaic
* Nutrien produces between 55% and 60% of the potash mined in North America annually.
* Nutrien controls an estimated 40% of potassium-fertilizer sales in North America.
* Mosaic produces 35% of North America’s potash output.
* Mosaic controls 35% of the continent’s potassium fertilizer sales.
* There are only three other firms in the entire country that produce potash fertilizer and none of them are remotely large enough to serve as competitors to Nutrien and Mosaic's dominant position.
Fertilizer Distribution and Retail concentration in the top 7 firms: 70%
* Seven agricultural retailers control 70% of crop input sales/services (fertilizer and agrichemical): Nutrien Ag Solutions, Growmark, Helena Agri-Enterprises, CHS, The J.R. Simplot Co., Wilbur-Ellis, GreenPoint AG.
* Nutrien captures 20% of agricultural retail sales in the U.S. with a “significant majority” of the fertilizer sold generated from Nutrien’s own production.
* J.R. Simplot has 6% of national sales and also mines phosphate rock and manufactures its own phosphate fertilizer.
* CHS — the largest nitrogen fertilizer wholesaler in the U.S. — has an 11% ownership interest in CF’s domestic nitrogen plants.
Historical Context:
* 1980: 56 firms produced nitrogen fertilizer, 25 companies mined phosphate rock, and14 extracted potash, with no single firm controlling an outsize share
* 1990: less than 30 firms produced nitrogen fertilizer, 15 phosphate rock, and 8 potash firms