GlobeNewswire Inc | May 25, 2021 04:05PM EDT

May 25, 2021

Third Quarter Highlights

-- Revenue grows 60% year-over-year to $176.4 million -- Calculated billings grows 71% year-over-year to $225.0 million -- Deferred revenue grows 65%year-over-year to $495.4 million -- GAAP net loss of $58.5 million compared to GAAP net loss of$19.3 million on a year-over-year basis -- Non-GAAP net income of $21.4 million compared to non-GAAP net income of$10.3 millionon a year-over-year basis

SAN JOSE, Calif., May 25, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Zscaler, Inc.(Nasdaq: ZS), the leader in cloud security, today announced financial results for its third quarter of fiscal year 2021, ended April 30, 2021.

"We delivered outstanding results for the third quarter, with revenue growth accelerating to 60% year over year and free cash flow reaching a new record. Our Zero Trust Exchange platform is helping customers realize their digital transformation goals and architect for the new normal of the work-from-anywhere economy," said Jay Chaudhry, Chairman and CEO of Zscaler. "Our strategic position with customers continues to strengthen, and we are executing well on our go-to-market initiatives. With strong business momentum, we are pleased to again increase our fiscal year guidance."

Third Quarter Fiscal2021Financial Highlights

-- Revenue:$176.4 million, an increase of60%year-over-year. -- Income (loss) from operations: GAAP loss from operations was$43.9 million, or25%of total revenue, compared to $20.5 million, or19%of total revenue,in thethird quarter of fiscal2020. Non-GAAP income from operations was$22.9 million, or13%of total revenue, compared to $9.7 million, or9%of total revenue,in thethird quarter of fiscal2020. -- Net income (loss): GAAP net loss was$58.5 million, compared to$19.3 millionin thethird quarter of fiscal2020. Non-GAAP net income was$21.4 million, compared to $10.3 millionin thethird quarter of fiscal2020. -- Net income (loss) per share: GAAP net loss per share was$0.43, compared to$0.15in thethird quarter of fiscal2020.Non-GAAP net income per share was $0.15, compared to $0.07 in the third quarter of fiscal 2020. -- Cash flow: Cash provided by operations was$73.4 million, or 42% of revenue, compared to $20.8 million, or 19% of revenue,in thethird quarter of fiscal2020. Free cash flow was $55.8 million, or32%of revenue, compared to $9.1 million, or 8% of revenue, in thethirdquarter of fiscal2020. -- Deferred revenue: $495.4 million as of April 30, 2021, an increase of 65% year-over-year. -- Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments: $1,467.6 millionas ofApril 30, 2021, an increase of $97.0 million from July 31, 2020.

Recent Business Highlights

-- Acquired Trustdome, a leading innovator in Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM), to be integrated with Zscalers existing Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) platform and provide a comprehensive solution for reducing public cloud attack surfaces and improving security posture. With this acquisition, Zscaler also expands its global footprint with its first development center in Israel, where the company plans to continue investment. -- Signed a definitive agreement to acquire Smokescreen Technologies, a leader in active defense and deception technology. Smokescreen's cutting-edge capabilities will be integrated into the Zscaler Zero Trust Exchange platform, further building upon Zscaler's ability to detect ransomware, lateral movement attempts, and other sophisticated, highly targeted attacks. -- Launched security innovations for the Zscaler Zero Trust Exchange platform and new programs designed to secure digital businesses, including new security solutions, resources for IT execs and practitioners, and deployment guides to expedite zero trust adoption which provide digital businesses a holistic approach to IT security and the pragmatic skills and blueprints needed to be competitive.

-- Announced a series of integrations with CrowdStrike to deliver end-to-end security protection from the endpoint to the application. These integrations for joint customers strengthen security by providing an identity-centric and data-centric zero trust approach that encompasses data, people, devices, workloads, and networks. -- Announced an alliance partnership with IBM Security to deliver new blueprints for common zero trust use cases. The partnership is critical in helping customers accelerate zero trust deployments and assist organizations with simplifying remote work and network security modernization.

Change in Non-GAAP Measures Presentation

Effective August 1, 2020, the beginning of our fiscal year ending July 31, 2021, we have presented employer payroll taxes related to employee equity award transactions, which is a cash expense, as part of stock-based compensation expense in our non-GAAP results. These payroll taxes have been excluded from our non-GAAP results because they are tied to the timing and size of the exercise or vesting of the underlying equity awards and the price of our common stock at the time of vesting or exercise may vary from period to period independent of the operating performance of our business. Prior periods amounts have been recasted to conform to this presentation.

Financial Outlook

For the fourth quarter of fiscal2021, we expect:

-- Total revenue of$185 million to$187million -- Non-GAAP income from operations of$13.5 million to $14.5 million -- Non-GAAP net income per share ofapproximately $0.08 to $0.09, assumingapproximately 146 million common shares outstanding

For the full year fiscal2021, we expect:

-- Total revenue of$660 million to$664 million -- Calculated billings of $878 million to$880million -- Non-GAAP income from operations of$71 million to$72 million -- Non-GAAP net income per share of$0.47, assuming approximately 145 million common shares outstanding

These statements are forward-looking and actual results may differ materially. Refer to the Forward-Looking Statements safe harbor below for information on the factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements.

Guidance for non-GAAP income from operations excludes stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes, amortization expense of acquired intangible assets, asset impairment related to facility exit, certain litigation-related expenses, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs and income tax effects generated by intangible assets acquired in business acquisitions. Guidance for non-GAAP net income per share includes the anti-dilutive impact of the capped call transactions entered into in connection with our convertible senior notes issued in June 2020. We have not reconciled our expectations to non-GAAP income from operations and non-GAAP net incomeper share to their most directly comparable GAAP measures because certain items are out of our control or cannot be reasonably predicted. Accordingly, a reconciliation for the guidance for non-GAAP income from operations and non-GAAP net income per share is not available without unreasonable effort.

Conference Call and Webcast Information

Zscaler will host a conference call for analysts and investors to discuss its third quarter fiscal 2021 earnings results and outlook for its fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 and full year fiscal 2021 today at 1:30 p.m. Pacific time (4:30 p.m. Eastern time).

Date: Tuesday, May 25, 2021Time: 1:30 p.m. PTWebcast: https://ir.zscaler.comDial-in number: 918-922-3018

Upcoming Conferences

Fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 virtual investor conference participation schedule:

-- J.P. Morgan Technology, Media and Communication ConferenceWednesday, May 26, 2021

-- Bernstein's 37th Annual Strategic Decisions ConferenceFriday, June 4, 2021

-- Bank of America Global Technology ConferenceTuesday, June 8, 2021

-- Baird's 2021 Global Consumer, Technology & Services ConferenceThursday, June 10, 2021

-- Mizuho Cybersecurity SummitTuesday, June 15, 2021

Sessions which offer a webcast will be available on the Investor Relations section of the Zscaler website at https://ir.zscaler.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including statements regarding our future financial and operating performance, including our financial outlook for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 and full year fiscal 2021. There are a significant number of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from statements made in this press release, including but not limited to: the duration and global impact of COVID-19 on our business, operations and financial results and the economy in general; our ability as an organization to acquire and integrate other companies, products or technologies in a successful manner; our limited operating history; ourability to identify and effectively implement the necessary changes to address execution challenges; risks associated with managing our rapid growth, including fluctuations from period to period; our limited experience with new product and subscription and support introductions and the risks associated with new products and subscription and support offerings, including the discovery of software bugs; our ability to attract and retain new customers; the failure to timely develop and achieve market acceptance of new products and subscriptions as well as existing products and subscription and support; rapidly evolving technological developments in the market for network security products and subscription and support offerings and our ability to remain competitive; length of sales cycles; and general market, political, economic and business conditions.

Additional risks and uncertainties that could affect our financial results are included under the captions Risk Factors and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth from time to time in our filings and reports with the Security Exchange Commission (SEC), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2020 filed on September 17, 2020, as well as future filings and reports by us, copies of which are available on our website at ir.zscaler.com and on the SECs website at www.sec.gov. You should not rely on these forward-looking statements, as actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those contemplated by these forward-looking statements as a result of such risks and uncertainties. Additional information will also be set forth in other filings that we make with the SEC from time to time. All forward-looking statements in this press release are based on information available to us as of the date hereof, and we do not assume any obligation to update the forward-looking statements provided to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information

We believe that the presentation of non-GAAP financial information provides important supplemental information to management and investors regarding financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations. For further information regarding why we believe that these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to investors, the specific manner in which management uses these measures, and some of the limitations associated with the use of these measures, please refer to the Explanation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section of this press release.

About Zscaler

Zscaler (Nasdaq: ZS) accelerates digital transformation so customers can be more agile, efficient, resilient, and secure. The Zscaler Zero Trust Exchange protects thousands of customers from cyberattacks and data loss by securely connecting users, devices, and applications in any location. Distributed across more than 150 data centers globally, the SASE-based Zero Trust Exchange is the worlds largest in-line cloud security platform.

Zscaler and the other trademarks listed at https://www.zscaler.com/legal/trademarks are either (i) registered trademarks or service marks or (ii) trademarks or service marks of Zscaler, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Any other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners.

Investor Relations Contacts

Bill Choi, CFASVP, Investor Relations and Strategic Finance(408) 816-1478ir@zscaler.com

Natalia WodeckiMedia Relations Contactpress@zscaler.com

ZSCALER, INC.Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations(in thousands, except per share amounts)(unaudited) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended April 30, April 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020Revenue $ 176,404 $ 110,524 $ 476,026 $ 305,382 Cost of revenue ^ 38,977 24,579 104,839 64,375 (1) (2)Gross profit 137,427 85,945 371,187 241,007 Operating expenses:Sales and 115,730 67,727 323,022 188,759 marketing ^(1) (2)Research anddevelopment ^(1) 40,952 24,117 118,473 65,094 (2)General andadministrative ^ 24,595 14,615 70,107 56,223 (1) (3) (4)Total operating 181,277 106,459 511,602 310,076 expensesLoss from (43,850 ) (20,514 ) (140,415 ) (69,069 ) operationsInterest income 593 1,528 2,288 5,405 Interest expense ^ (13,436 ) ? (39,730 ) ? (5)Other income, net 71 70 857 28 Loss before income (56,622 ) (18,916 ) (177,000 ) (63,636 ) taxesProvision for 1,837 421 4,006 1,931 income taxesNet loss $ (58,459 ) $ (19,337 ) $ (181,006 ) $ (65,567 ) Net loss pershare, basic and $ (0.43 ) $ (0.15 ) $ (1.34 ) $ (0.51 ) dilutedWeighted-averageshares used incomputing net loss 136,385 129,682 134,938 128,538 per share, basicand diluted ^(1)Includes stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes asfollows: Cost of revenue $ 3,665 $ 1,672 $ 10,239 4,734 Sales and 34,798 15,795 101,316 39,414 marketingResearch and 15,033 7,145 47,680 18,479 developmentGeneral and 11,681 4,470 33,384 11,029 administrativeTotal $ 65,177 $ 29,082 $ 192,619 $ 73,656 ^(2)Includes amortization expense of acquired intangible assets as follows: Cost of revenue $ 1,503 $ 348 $ 4,510 $ 758 Sales and 73 8 219 24 marketingResearch and ? 285 ? 1,280 developmentTotal $ 1,576 $ 641 $ 4,729 $ 2,062 ^(3) Includesasset impairmentrelated to $ ? $ 430 $ 416 $ 746 facility exit asfollows: ^(4) Includeslitigation-related $ ? $ 12 $ ? $ 18,353 expenses asfollows: ^(5) Includesamortization ofdebt discount and $ 13,077 $ ? $ 38,649 $ ? issuance costs asfollows:

ZSCALER, INC.Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets(in thousands)(unaudited) April 30, July 31, 2021 2020Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 106,590 $ 141,851 Short-term investments 1,361,019 1,228,722 Accounts receivable, net 164,923 147,584 Deferred contract acquisition costs 44,541 32,240 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 28,428 31,396 Total current assets 1,705,501 1,581,793 Property and equipment, net 106,812 75,734 Operating lease right-of-use assets 49,727 36,119 Deferred contract acquisition costs, 107,927 77,675 noncurrentAcquired intangible assets, net 26,495 24,024 Goodwill 53,291 30,059 Other noncurrent assets 12,523 8,054 Total assets $ 2,062,276 $ 1,833,458 Liabilities and Stockholders? Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 20,172 $ 5,233 Accrued expenses and other current 16,622 16,361 liabilitiesAccrued compensation 61,276 49,444 Deferred revenue 445,835 337,263 Operating lease liabilities 20,974 15,600 Total current liabilities 564,879 423,901 Convertible senior notes, net 900,263 861,615 Deferred revenue, noncurrent 49,599 32,504 Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent 35,472 28,023 Other noncurrent liabilities 3,956 2,586 Total liabilities 1,554,169 1,348,629 Stockholders? Equity Common stock 137 133 Additional paid-in capital 1,027,888 823,804 Accumulated other comprehensive income 659 463 Accumulated deficit (520,577 ) (339,571 ) Total stockholders? equity 508,107 484,829 Total liabilities and stockholders? equity $ 2,062,276 $ 1,833,458

ZSCALER, INC.Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows(in thousands)(unaudited) Nine Months Ended April 30, 2021 2020Cash Flows From Operating Activities Net loss $ (181,006 ) $ (65,567 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:Depreciation and amortization expense 21,401 12,278 Amortization expense of acquired intangible 4,729 2,062 assetsAmortization of deferred contract acquisition 28,577 17,673 costsAmortization of debt discount and issuance costs 38,648 ? Non-cash operating lease costs 15,156 9,649 Stock-based compensation expense 178,538 70,012 Amortization (accretion) of investments 8,600 (463 ) purchased at a premium (discount)Deferred income taxes (1,502 ) (555 ) Impairment of assets 416 746 Other 3 305 Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitionsAccounts receivable (20,128 ) (12,218 ) Deferred contract acquisition costs (71,130 ) (32,228 ) Prepaid expenses, other current and noncurrent 1,797 (13,365 ) assetsAccounts payable 6,421 1,923 Accrued expenses, other current and noncurrent 3,008 660 liabilitiesAccrued compensation 11,583 12,671 Deferred revenue 128,414 49,581 Operating lease liabilities (16,221 ) (5,482 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 157,304 47,682 Cash Flows From Investing Activities Purchases of property, equipment and other (34,215 ) (24,793 ) assetsCapitalized internal-use software (7,047 ) (6,296 ) Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash (29,420 ) (8,918 ) acquiredInvestments in privately held companies (2,877 ) ? Purchases of short-term investments (724,472 ) (202,764 ) Proceeds from maturities of short-term 562,744 209,225 investmentsProceeds from sale of short-term investments 22,499 14,084 Net cash used in investing activities (212,788 ) (19,462 ) Cash Flows From Financing Activities Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon 13,910 12,554 exercise of stock optionsProceeds from issuance of common stock under the 8,563 5,334 employee stock purchase planPayment of deferred consideration related to a (2,250 ) ? business acquisitionNet cash provided by financing activities 20,223 17,888 Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash (35,261 ) 46,108 equivalents and restricted cashCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at 141,851 78,484 beginning of periodCash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at $ 106,590 $ 124,592 end of periodReconciliation of cash, cash equivalents andrestricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets:Cash and cash equivalents $ 106,590 $ 124,592 Restricted cash, current and noncurrent ? ? Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 106,590 $ 124,592

ZSCALER, INC.Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures(in thousands)(unaudited) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended April 30, April 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Revenue $ 176,404 $ 110,524 $ 476,026 $ 305,382 Non-GAAP GrossProfit and Non-GAAP GrossMarginGAAP gross profit $ 137,427 $ 85,945 $ 371,187 $ 241,007 Add: Stock-basedcompensationexpense and 3,665 1,672 10,239 4,734 related payrolltaxesAmortizationexpense of 1,503 348 4,510 758 acquiredintangible assetsNon-GAAP gross $ 142,595 $ 87,965 $ 385,936 $ 246,499 profitGAAP gross margin 78 % 78 % 78 % 79 %Non-GAAP gross 81 % 80 % 81 % 81 %margin Non-GAAP Incomefrom Operations and Non-GAAPOperating MarginGAAP loss from $ (43,850 ) $ (20,514 ) $ (140,415 ) $ (69,069 ) operationsAdd: Stock-basedcompensationexpense and 65,177 29,082 192,619 73,656 related payrolltaxesLitigation-related ? 12 ? 18,353 expensesAmortizationexpense of 1,576 641 4,729 2,062 acquiredintangible assetsAsset impairmentrelated to ? 430 416 746 facility exit ^(1)Non-GAAP income $ 22,903 $ 9,651 $ 57,349 $ 25,748 from operationsGAAP operating (25 ) % (19 ) % (29 ) % (23 ) %marginNon-GAAP operating 13 % 9 % 12 % 8 %margin

___________

(1) Consists of asset impairment charges related to the relocation of our corporate headquarters.

ZSCALER, INC.Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures(in thousands, except per share amounts)(unaudited) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended April 30, April 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020Non-GAAP NetIncome per Share, DilutedGAAP net loss $ (58,459 ) $ (19,337 ) $ (181,006 ) $ (65,567 ) Stock-basedcompensationexpense and 65,177 29,082 192,619 73,656 related payrolltaxesLitigation-related ? 12 ? 18,353 expensesAmortization ofdebt discount and 13,077 ? 38,649 ? issuance costsAmortizationexpense of 1,576 641 4,729 2,062 acquiredintangible assetsAsset impairmentrelated to ? 430 416 746 facility exit ^(1)Provision for ? (490 ) ? (490 ) income taxes ^(2)Non-GAAP net $ 21,371 $ 10,338 $ 55,407 $ 28,760 income GAAP net loss per $ (0.43 ) $ (0.15 ) $ (1.34 ) $ (0.51 ) share, dilutedStock-basedcompensationexpense and 0.45 0.21 1.33 0.54 related payrolltaxesLitigation-related ? ? ? 0.13 expensesAmortization ofdebt discount and 0.09 ? 0.27 ? issuance costsAmortizationexpense of 0.01 ? 0.03 0.02 acquiredintangible assetsAsset impairmentrelated to ? ? ? 0.01 facility exit ^(1)Provision for ? ? ? ? income taxes ^(2)Adjustment tototal fully 0.03 0.01 0.09 0.02 diluted earningsper share ^(3)Non-GAAP netincome per share, $ 0.15 $ 0.07 $ 0.38 $ 0.21 diluted Denominator: Weighted-averageshares used incomputing GAAP net 136,385 129,682 134,938 128,538 loss per share,dilutedPotentially 10,220 8,191 10,389 8,680 diluted sharesAntidilutiveimpact of capped (1,692 ) ? (844 ) ? call transactions^(4)Weighted-averageshares used incomputing non-GAAP 144,913 137,873 144,483 137,218 net income pershare, diluted

___________(1) Consists of asset impairment charges related to the relocation of our corporate headquarters.

(2) We use our GAAP provision for income taxes for purposes of determining our non-GAAP income tax expense. The difference between our GAAP and non-GAAP income tax expense represents the effects of stock-based compensation expense recognized in foreign jurisdictions and any income tax benefits associated with business combinations. The income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense included in the GAAP provision for income taxes was not material for all periods presented. In the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2020, we recorded a tax benefit of $0.5 million, associated with intangible assets recognized as a result of our acquisition of Cloudneeti Corporation.

(3) The sum of the fully diluted earnings per share impact of individual reconciling items may not total to fully diluted Non-GAAP net income per share due to the weighted-average shares used in computing the GAAP net loss per share differs from the weighted-average shares used in computing the Non-GAAP net income per share and due to rounding of the individual reconciling items. The GAAP net loss per share calculation uses a lower share count as it excludes potentially dilutive shares, which are included in calculating the non-GAAP net income per share.

(4) We exclude the in-the-money portion of our convertible senior notes for non-GAAP weighted-average diluted shares as they are covered by our capped call transactions. Our outstanding capped call transactions are antidilutive under GAAP but are expected to mitigate the dilutive effect of our convertible notes and therefore are included in the calculations of non-GAAP diluted shares outstanding.

ZSCALER, INC.Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures(in thousands)(unaudited) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended April 30, April 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020Calculated BillingsRevenue $ 176,404 $ 110,524 $ 476,026 $ 305,382 Add: Totaldeferred 495,434 300,791 495,434 300,791 revenue, endof periodLess: Totaldeferredrevenue, (446,817 ) (280,022 ) (369,767 ) (251,202 ) beginning ofperiodCalculated $ 225,021 $ 131,293 $ 601,693 $ 354,971 billings Free Cash FlowNet cashprovided by $ 73,368 $ 20,822 $ 157,304 $ 47,682 operatingactivitiesLess:Purchases ofproperty, (14,812 ) (9,694 ) (34,215 ) (24,793 ) equipmentand otherassetsLess:Capitalized (2,775 ) (2,023 ) (7,047 ) (6,296 ) internal-usesoftwareFree cash $ 55,781 $ 9,105 $ 116,042 $ 16,593 flowAs apercentage of revenue:Net cashprovided by 42 % 19 % 33 % 15 %operatingactivitiesLess:Purchases ofproperty, (8 ) % (9 ) % (7 ) % (8 ) %equipmentand otherassetsLess:Capitalized (2 ) % (2 ) % (2 ) % (2 ) %internal-usesoftwareFree cash 32 % 8 % 24 % 5 %flow margin

ZSCALER, INC.Explanation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our results determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP), we believe the following non-GAAP measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use the following non-GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance. However, non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. In particular, free cash flow is not a substitute for cash used in operating activities. Additionally, the utility of free cash flow as a measure of our liquidity is further limited as it does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for a given period. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly-titled non-GAAP measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison. A reconciliation of our historical non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable financial measures stated in accordance with GAAP has been included in this press release. Investors are cautioned that there are a number of limitations associated with the use of non-GAAP financial measures and key metrics as analytical tools. Investors are encouraged to review these reconciliations, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

Expenses Excluded from Non-GAAP Measures

Stock-based compensation expense is excluded primarily because they are non-cash expenses that management believes are not reflective of our ongoing operational performance. Effective August 1, 2020, the beginning of our fiscal year ending July 31, 2021, we have presented employer payroll taxes related to employee equity award transactions, which is a cash expense, as part of stock-based compensation expense in our non-GAAP results. These payroll taxes have been excluded from our non-GAAP results as these are tied to the timing and size of the exercise or vesting of the underlying equity awards and the price of our common stock at the time of vesting or exercise, which may vary from period to period independent of the operating performance of our business. Prior period amounts have been recasted to conform to this presentation. Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets is excluded because these are considered by management to be outside of our core business operating performance. Asset impairments related to facility exit costs are excluded because such charges are not reflective of our ongoing operational performance. Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs from our convertible senior notes are excluded because they are non-cash expenses and are not reflective of our ongoing operational performance. We also exclude certain litigation-related expenses consisting of professional fees and related costs incurred by us in defending against significant claims that we deem not to be in the ordinary course of our business and, if applicable, actual losses and accruals related to estimated losses in connection with these claims. There are many uncertainties and potential outcomes associated with any litigation, including the expense of litigation, timing of such expenses, court rulings, unforeseen developments, complications and delays, each of which may affect our results of operations from period to period, as well as the unknown magnitude of the potential loss relating to any lawsuit, all of which are inherently subject to change, difficult to predict and could adversely affect our results of operations. We estimate the tax effect of these items on our non-GAAP results and may adjust our GAAP provision for income taxes, if such effects have a material impact to our non-GAAP results.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Non-GAAP Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Gross Margin. We define non-GAAP gross profit as GAAP gross profit excluding stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes and amortization expense of acquired intangible assets. We define non-GAAP gross margin as non-GAAP gross profit as a percentage of revenue.

Non-GAAP Income from Operations and Non-GAAP Operating Margin. We define non-GAAP income from operations as GAAP loss from operations excluding stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes, amortization expense of acquired intangible assets, asset impairment related to facility exit and certain litigation-related expenses. We define non-GAAP operating margin as non-GAAP income from operations as a percentage of revenue.

Non-GAAP Net Income per Share, Diluted. We define non-GAAP net income as GAAP net loss plus stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes, amortization expense of acquired intangible assets, asset impairment related to facility exit, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, certain litigation-related expenses, income tax effects generated by the effects of stock-based compensation expense recognized in foreign jurisdictions and any income tax benefits associated with business combinations. We define non-GAAP net income per share, diluted, as non-GAAP net income divided by the weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, which includes the dilutive effect of potentially diluted common stock equivalents outstanding during the period and the antidilutive impact of the capped call transactions entered into in connection with our convertible senior notes issued in June 2020.

Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow Margin. We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property, equipment and other assets and capitalized internal-use software. We define free cash flow margin as free cash flow divided by revenue. We believe that free cash flow and free cash flow margin are meaningful indicators of liquidity information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated from our operations that, after the investments in property, equipment and other assets and capitalized internal-use software, can be used for strategic initiatives.

Calculated Billings. We define calculated billings as total revenue plus the change in deferred revenue in a period. Calculated billings in any particular period aims to reflect amounts invoiced for subscriptions to access our cloud platform, together with related support services related to our new and existing customers. We typically invoice our customers annually in advance, and to a lesser extent quarterly in advance, monthly in advance or multi-year in advance.