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>But for what? Simple defi/lending/microloans? Those are cool, don't get me wrong, but they still do not answer my OP question. What is it that ADA/Cardano can do that other chains cannot?
The uniqueness isn't a specific dApp like lending, but the guarantees the network provides for any dApp built on it. By focusing on the eUTxO model and a peer-reviewed approach, it provides formal guarantees about transaction outcomes, costs, and security that are extremely difficult to achieve on other platforms. This makes it ideal for applications where correctness and high assurance are paramount.
>This has already been shown to either be irrelevant or pointless as most nodes are hosted on centralized systems. AWS if you will. IPFS stores most of the "Cardano NFTS" so the NFTS are inherently not on-chain.
It's important to distinguish between the protocol's design and the current choices of its operators. The critical design feature of Cardano is that it is permissionless. While many operators choose the convenience of AWS now, no one can stop anyone from running a node on their own hardware in their garage if AWS were to become hostile. There are still plenty of bare metal stake pools in operation.
IPFS for NFTs, as we've previously discuss is an example of a settlement layer (Cardano) interacting with a separate data layer (IPFS). Cardano doesn't store the image; *it immutably stores the proof of ownership of that image*. Otherwise it just leads to bloat. This leads directly to your later, most important point about collaboration.
>Trust me I was there, I was with you until none of these promises were met, have been met, or have a roadmap to be met. Facing it all, unless data, REAL DATA (remember ethiopia data storage of certificates? I do) can be stored on chain, we have nothing more here than a hashing calculator.
The frustration, particularly around the pace of development and high-profile projects like the Ethiopia deal, is completely understandable. Ethiopia was a high risk project, and unfortunately it didn't work out (through no fault of Cardano). Input Output definitely lacked communication surrounding that, and something I've personally criticised before.
When was the last time you heard a dev say I promise this project will work out. 90% of start ups fail generally, let alone in high risk and niche industries. It's disappointing when it happens but remember we're just working with risk, not promises.
The key point, however, is that storing bulk "REAL DATA" on a Layer 1 blockchain has always been understood to be unsustainable due to state bloat. It's a deliberate architectural choice. A blockchain that tries to do everything (settlement, computation, and storage) will inevitably compromise on security or decentralisation. The design assumes that a secure settlement layer must interact with other dedicated systems for bulk data management.
>Why are you comparing this to ICP?
I included the comparison because you referenced it a lot (I stated in the last comment).
>These are literally decentralized by the code that the nodes run, you can audit it yourself. Just as decentralized, without the doubt of whether or not it's run on an AWS type system that can be shut down.
ICP achieves decentralisation through a DAO-governed, permissioned system of nodes. This provides strong guarantees about the *quality and performance* of the hardware, which is a valid approach. Cardano's philosophy is to achieve decentralisation through permissionless participation, providing guarantees against *gatekeeping and censorship*. Neither is inherently right or wrong; they simply protect against different risks.
>Security is fine, I love Haskell. Rust. Etc. But Cardano is prioritizing simple smart contracts while others are achieving grander goals... Ada as a mathematical chain cannot support on-chain data. That's it.
You have articulated Cardano's core design philosophy perfectly. It absolutely cannot and should not support bulk on-chain data. This is its most important feature, not a bug. By *not* being a data storage solution, it can focus on being the most secure and sustainable settlement layer possible. A ledger that is optimised for validating ownership and integrity must, by definition, offload other tasks.
Separating things it to layers is the most basic software engineering principle, separation of concerns. This is outlined in the original essay: [https://why.cardano.org/en/](https://why.cardano.org/en/)
>THAT BEING SAID... Can ADA/Cardano work with other chains that might have that capability implicitly designed into it? Can ADA hash a doc that's stored on ICP? Can we instead of hosting NTS on IPFS, store them in a DAO controlled container on ICP?
Yes, yes, and yes. The future will definitely be interoperable and co-operative. The goal isn't for Cardano to "keep up" by trying to become a data storage chain, the goal is for Cardano to be the best possible settlement layer. The tribalism needs to end for this kind of real advancement to happen.

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